• Raspberries – how is raspberry seed oil obtained?
• Properties the health seed oil raspberries
• Application of raspberry seed oil
• SUMMARY
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

Immune support, low GI, high fiber content, and anti-cancer effects are just some of the well-known properties of the raspberry fruit, but did you know that these parts of the plant aren't the only ones with beneficial health benefits? Today, a few words about raspberry seed oil.

Raspberries – how is raspberry seed oil obtained?

Raspberries are medium-sized shrubs that grow up to 2 meters tall. About 250 species are known, of which about 100 are found in Europe. Poland is one of the leading producers of raspberries in Europe and the world. They are mostly sold raw or juiced. Producers, seeking to make the juice production process as efficient as possible and minimize waste of the resulting substrate, began to wonder how to use the byproducts of this process. These products are raspberry pulp with large amounts of seeds. Raspberry seed oil has been obtained by cold pressing. The pumping efficiency ranges from 5 to 20%. The composition of the oil has been studied and found to be extremely beneficial. To preserve as many beneficial properties as possible, this oil is often not filtered after pressing. The resulting oil has a brown-yellow color and a characteristic fruity aroma, which, similar to that of raspberry fruit, is due to raspberry ketone (C10H12O2). Thanks to its high antioxidant content, it maintains high stability. It produces an oil that can be used for both food and cosmetic purposes [1] [2] [3].

Properties the health seed oil raspberries :

Raspberry seed oil is one of the top antioxidants . It contains a large number of tocopherols (up to 198 mg/100 g of oil, including: α-tocopherol - 71; γ-tocopherol - 272; α-tocopherol - 17.4), including vitamin E and carotenoids (about 23 mg/100 g of oil) and vitamin A. These compounds have strong antioxidant properties, giving the oil antimutagenic and preventive properties. These properties also strengthen spore content, have scientifically proven anti-mutagenic properties, protect against mutations and exhibit antibacterial and antiviral properties. In cosmetics, this oil is considered to have anti-mutagenic properties. It lubricates and moisturizes the skin and smoothes out wrinkles [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].

Another special characteristic of raspberry seed oil is the content of fatty acids. Fat makes up about 90% of the oil, most of which are fatty acids . Among them you can find: Alpha-linolenic acid / ALA (Omega-3) - about 23.9%, Linolenic acid / LA (Omega-6) - about 57.5%, Oleic acid / OA (Omega-9) - about 13.3%, Eicosene acid / EA (Omega-9) - about 0.4%. These acids belong to the so-called EFAs - essential fatty acids, that is, those that must be released into the body from the outside for its proper function. It is also worth mentioning the proportions of Omega-3 to Omega-6 acids, which in raspberry seed oil are about 1:3 . Saturated fatty acids form only a small amount of this oil: acid palmitic acid approx. 2.1%, acidifier stearic acid approx. 0.9% [5] [6] [7] [8].

One of the surprising properties of raspberry seed oil is its sunscreen action against UVB and UVC radiation. There is a lack of data on the sunscreen's protection factor (SPF). This oil has a protection factor; research suggests it ranges from 28-50. Thanks to its high content, it is more potent than sunscreen's vitamin A properties and has cell regeneration and development capabilities than other vegetable oils. It prevents so-called photoaging of the skin and the formation of discoloration . Although research confirms that sunscreen lacks protection as an independent preparation, it is recommended to use it as an eye cream or serum under sunscreen [1] [2] [3] [9].

The penultimate benefit of raspberry seed oil is probably not the only anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This is thanks, among other things, to its gamma-linolenic acid content, which inhibits the immune system's excessive response and reduces the intensification of viral or bacterial inflammation. Accordingly, this oil has found application in, among other things, toothpastes, creams, lotions, and emulsions [2] [10].

This oil has gained specific interest in cosmetics, and this is not surprising as it is useful for both dry and oily skin. Used on oily skin which causes acne , it stimulates the work of sebaceous glands and unblocks skin sebum production and reduces blackheads . When applied to dry skin it improves the lipid barrier of the epidermis and protects against transepidermal water loss (TEWL) . This property of the oil is due to its linoleic acid content, which has dual effects depending on the skin condition [11].

This oil, introduced into the diet, will increase the content of insatiable fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants in our diet. Because of the often observed deficiency of alpha-linoleic acid in people with psoriasis, eczema, and skin hypersensitivity, allergic reactions, which occur in significant amounts in raspberry seed oil, it seems particularly beneficial to consider including it in the diet [ 11].

Application of raspberry seed oil:

You can use raspberry seed oil as:

- Middle Lubrication for both skin and hair

- Moisturizing middle

- Preparation against transepidermal loss water

- Protection from the aging process of the skin

- an additive to preparations with a filter, which increases their effectiveness

- Massage oil

- Source of insatiable fatty acids

SUMMARY:

Raspberry seed oil is a great oil rich in fatty acids, especially Omega-3, with sunscreen, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Additionally, when applied to the skin, it lubricates, prevents water loss, and rejuvenates it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. Baranowska A et al.: Properties of healthy fruit raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.); high problem Epidemiol 2015, 96(2): 406-409
2. Kalinowska N., Nowak I., Zielińska A.: Properties of raspberry seed oil used in cosmetics; Kosmetologie Estetyczna 2017, 2(6): 121-123
3. Oomaha BD, Ladet S, Godfrey DV, Liang J, Girard B: Characteristics of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil, Food Chemistry 2000, 69: 187–193.
4. Nowak I., Zielinska A.: Fatty acids in plant oils and their significance in cosmetics; CHEMIK 2014, 68 (2): 103–110
5. Bae JY, Choi JS, Kang SW, Lee YJ, Park J, Kang YH, Dietary ellagic acid alleviates skin wrinkles and inflammation induced by UV-B irradiation. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19(8):182-
6. Obiedzińska A., Waszkiewicz-Robak B.: Cold-pressed oils as functional food; FOOD, Science . Technology . Quality . 2012, 1(80): 27-44
7. Ligeza Małgorzata et al.,: Evaluation of the composition and microbiological purity of cold-pressed oils by OleoWita; Forum Dermatologicum 2016, 2 (2): 85-89
8. Martysiak-Zurowska Dorota, Drapała Lukas: Structure of triacylglycerols in seed oils of strawberries, raspberries, and blackcurrants; EDIBLE MEAT , 45 (Nos. 1-2), 11-20
9. Integrale Maria, Pawlica Pawel J.: Substances of natural origin used in the sun protection of the skin ; EJMT 2019, 3(24); 29-37
10. Żynda M., K. Byczyk: Holistic nursing approach, Farmacom 2016, 1(25): 44-46
11. Frontczak-Baniewicz Małgorzata, Stateczna-Mędrek Agnieszka, Sulejczak Dorota: The Use of Plant Oils in Cosmetics; The Diverse Aspects of a Cosmetologist's Work; Gdansk - Warsaw 2017